Vac u u m - evapo rato r



(No Model.) 2 Sheets Sheet l; W. H. GOLLINCTS.

VACUUM ]E'.VAPORAIORl No. 421,163. Patented Feb. 11,18%.

@OOOOOOOO N. PETERS. FhamLilhugnphar. Wlihnglon, D C.

(No Model.) v2 Sheets-*Sheet 2. W. H. GOLLINGS'.

VACUUM EVAPORATOB..

No. 421.163. Patented Feb. 11.18930.v

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE..

VVILLAM ll. COLLINGS, OF COLLNGSVVOOD, NEV JERSEY.

VACU u |v| vAPo RATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 421,163, dated February11, 1890. Application filed January 24, 1889. Serial No. 297,402. (Nomodel.)

To all whom, it may concern,.- A

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. OoLLINGs, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Collingswood, Camden county, New J ersey, haveinvented certain Improvements in VacuumFvaporators, of which thefollowing is a specification.

The object of my invention is to so construct a vacuunrevaporator astopresent an extremely large heating-surface to the liquid to beevaporated, to insure a uniformv and steady flow of the liquid in thinfilms over the evaporating-surfaces, and to provide for the readyinsertion or removal of any one of the elements of theevaporating-surface when required.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical longitudinalsection ot a vacuumevaporator constructed in accordance with myinvention. Fig. 2 is a side view of the same, partly in section. Fig. 3is an enlarged sectional view of part of the apparatus, and Fig. Il is adiagram showing a series of my improved evaporators arranged for workingin accordance with what is known as the triple-effect system,

A is the casing of the evaporator, which is preferably rectangular incrosssection, and has opposite chambered ends A', provided with suitableremovable caps or covers a., and on the top of the casing isa cap orcover h, inclosing a chamber b.

Contained in the evaporatin g-ch amber withinthe casingA is a series ofvertical rows of longitudinal tubes B, diamondshaped in cross-sectionand having at each end threaded stems or pipes which terminate in thechambered ends of the casing, each stem being screwed into a Vthreadedopening in the end ofthe tube and being coniined to the end plate A ofthe casing by means of lock-nuts f, one on each side of the end plateAOne ot the chambered heads of the casing is the iulet-head, and receivessteam from any convenient generator, and the other is thedischarge-head, and the stems d, -which communicate with the inlethead,are at the upper portions ofthe tubes B, while the stems d, whichcommunicate with the discharge-head, are at the lower portions of thetubes, so that the water of condensation will bo thoroughly drained fromthe latter.

By means of the detachable stems d the removal or application of a tubecan be readily accomplished, all that is necessary being to withdraw thescrew-stems from the ends of the tube, so that the latteris released andcan be removed, a new tube being inserted in its place and secured inposition by again screwing up the stems.

The tubes being arranged in a series otparallel vertical rows, it isadvisable, in order to economize space and insure the presentation ofthe maximum evaporating-surface for the space occupied, that thehorizontal centers of the tubes of one row should be arranged midwaybetween the centers of the tubes in the adjoining rows, shown in Fig. 2,so that the tubes may be placed very closely together.

The inner plate of the chambered top ofthe casing has above eachvertical row of tubes a longitudinal Arow of nipples g, projecting somedistance above said bottom plate, so that the liquid to be evaporated onbeing fed into the upper chamber will spread over the bottoni of thesame until it reaches the level of the mouths of the nipples, and willthen flow down through the same and onto the vertical rows of tubes inthe evaporating-` chamber, The liquid consequently iiows over theinclined surfaces of these tubes in a thin film, which is the form bestcalculated to in-4 sure a rapid evaporating effect, the diamond shapeot' each pipe insuring the presentation of an extremely largeevaporatingrsurface, and the stream dropping from pipe to pipe of therow, so that in passing through the apparatus it will Colne in contactwith every part of the heated surface exposed therein. The

evaporated liquid passes from the bottom of the casing through asuitable stand-pipe, in which acolumn of liquid is maintained by reasonof the vacuum maintained in the evaporatingchainber.

The vapor due to the evapora-tion ot' the liquid is collected in atransverse chamber h at one side or at each side of the casing A, thischamber communicating through a pipe e' with any available vacuunrproducing mechanism. lVhere the apparatus is to be used in a compoundfeffectsystem, however, steam is used only for heating the tirst evaporator ofthe set, and the last evaporator only of the IOO set is in communicationwith the exhauster, the vapor from the iirst evaporator taking the placeof the steam as a means of heating the tubes B in the second evaporator,andthe vapor from the latter serving to heat the tubes B in the thirdevaporator. l

An instance of a construction adapted for use either as a single or lmultiple eiect apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 4.

I do not claim as my invention the feeding device which I have shown,consisting of a horizontal distributing chamber and feedtubes forconveying the liquid to the evaporatingtubes and opening into thedistributing-chamber at a short distance above the AHoor ofthe same andat approximately the same elevation, nor do I limit myself to thisparticular form of feeding device; but

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. Thecombination, in an evaporator, of the casing with its steam receivingand discharge heads, rows of heating-tubes diamondshaped in crosssectionand extending across the evaporatiiig-chamber, and a feed-chamber havingopenings for discharging the liquid `of the tubes of ad joining rows,substantially as specified.

3. The combination of the casing of the evap orator having oppositesteam receiving` and discharge heads, the heating-tubes, and tub ularstems screwed into the ends of said tubes and projecting throughopenings in the inner walls of said steam receiving and discharge headsand having nuts on opposite sides of said walls, whereby they aresecured thereto, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

VILLIAM II. COLLINGS. iVitnesses:

WILLIAM D. CoNNnR, HARRY SMITH.

